While appreciating your cat’s various sleeping positions, you may have noticed some twitching. Have you ever wondered why this happens? Are they dreaming? What is going on in their bodies? We’ve uncovered the reasons behind this peculiar behavior to share what it means, why it’s important, and when to be concerned. Read on to answer the question: Why do cats twitch in their sleep?

What are the sleep stages for cats?

On average, cats sleep 15 hours a day as compared to the eight hours of sleep humans (should) get. It would appear that cats understand the value of sleep and prioritize taking time to rest. Sleep helps them recharge, maintains their immune system, and supports their general well-being. Essentially, adult cats experience three stages of sleep and kittens experience four.

Catnaps

The lightest type of sleep is the short “catnaps” felines take. During this stage, cats are very aware of their surroundings. You may notice that while your kitty is taking a catnap, their ears still turn in response to sounds. Initially, wild cats used catnaps (as opposed to deeper sleep) as a natural defense mechanism and passed this behavior to modern domestic cats.

Light sleep

Light sleep is between a catnap and deep sleep in terms of the level of awareness cats experience. In this stage, cats are still able to pounce at a moment’s notice if necessary. This stage lasts an average of 25 minutes before deep sleep sets in.

Deep sleep

Deep sleep is also known as the rapid eye movement (REM) stage of sleep. When truly sleeping, cats cycle from light sleep to deep sleep and back again. Deep sleep only lasts 5 to 10 minutes at a time and is when cats twitch and likely dream. You may also notice that your pet is harder to wake when they’re in this stage.

Cats may not go into deep sleep if they are uncomfortable or feel unsafe. To make a welcoming sleeping environment for your kitty, be sure to provide them with a bed or otherwise padded, raised sleeping area. Sleeping on a raised platform allows cats to escape other stimuli on the ground, such as children or other animals. Their bed should be in a room that is relatively cool. But if the temperature is too cold, your cat might roll up into a ball to sleep. Cats will sleep in a more relaxed position in warmer temperatures.

Activated sleep

Kittens have a fourth sleep stage, known as activated sleep. During activated sleep, a kitten’s nervous system is active (whereas it’s usually at rest during sleep), and they may cry, squirm, or have more pronounced twitches than average. Like other nerve firings that occur in young animals, this is important to help the nervous system mature. Never rouse a sleeping kitten. They need lots of rest to make up for all the energy they exert while awake!

Why do kittens twitch more than adult cats?

You may have noticed that younger cats tend to twitch more than older cats. A similarity between humans and cats — beyond that we both go into REM sleep — is that our young have immature nervous systems. Their nervous systems are hard at work making neuron connections and constantly firing, which is why babies move their limbs often and kittens are so active. Twitching during sleep in kittens helps to properly develop their brains.

What do cats dream about when they’re sleeping?

It’s hard to say definitively what your feline is experiencing while asleep, however, a few studies have tried to suss this out. We do know that many mammals go into REM sleep while some other animals, such as fish, most likely don’t. That means cats almost certainly have some type of dream, even if it’s not entirely similar to human ones.

One key difference, researchers suspect that smell might take up a bigger part of our pets’ dreams since this sense dominates their perceptions. Scientists also think our kitties might dream about hunting, eating food, and, of course, us. So your fur baby could really be stalking prey in her sleep and twitching to match.

Should I wake my cat up if they’re twitching?

Ask this question first: Would you want to be woken up suddenly from a nap? While they could be having a nightmare, it also might be a happy dream of chasing down mice. Let her have it! You certainly don’t want to startle her awake suddenly, which could be unpleasant for both of you.

In addition to having a grumpy cat afterward, you might wind up accidentally getting scratched. It doesn’t mean your cat is aggressive, but they could think you’re a predator while half-asleep. Unless there’s some kind of emergency or you think something really is wrong, you should let her be and get her z’s.

What is cause for concern?

If your funny little cat often twitches in their sleep, you may be concerned that the condition is something serious. However, many cats twitch in their sleep. They might move their ears, knead the air, or make vocal or sucking sounds. Several theories exist as to why.

Some people believe twitches are involuntary muscle spasms, but many scientists agree that cats twitch while in the REM stage of sleep. In humans, the REM stage is when we remember our dreams. Cats can sleep up to 16 hours each day, and a larger proportion of their sleep is REM sleep when compared to the human sleep cycle.

For most cats, twitching while asleep is a normal, common behavior. There’s no reason to see a vet over your cat’s twitching unless they are also lethargic, have a decreased appetite, vomit, their body stiffens or they have jerky movements when they twitch, or they are hard to wake up. These might be symptoms of other serious illnesses.

Whole-body stiffness and jerky movements may be indicative that your cat is having a seizure and not just innocently twitching. Seizures do not only happen during sleep, though, so you will probably notice them while your cat is awake, too. If your cat has seizures, you will also likely find that they act oddly while awake — they may have wobbly feet or appear confused.

Remember that a cat’s twitches are usually not harmful. It can even be entertaining to watch a cat twitch. Admittedly, we are a little envious that cats get so much more sleep than we do without a care in the world, but sharing your life with a cat has many health benefits, too. Cats can reduce anxiety, and a cat’s purr can also calm your nervous system and lower your blood pressure. How wonderful to sit back, relax, and enjoy the show.

Trying to find the perfect food for your cat can be difficult — just ask any cat owner with a picky eater at home. The shops and internet are home to endless delicious and nutritious options to choose from, but buying the best food for your cat is only half the battle — your cat’s feeding schedule is another code to crack. If you’ve ever wondered, “How often should I feed my cat,” you’re not alone.

You can feed cats anywhere from one to five times a day, depending on their individual needs. After all, it’s no secret that every cat has a distinct personality, right? No matter how often you feed your cat, their feeding schedule can impact their digestive system, energy level, and overall happiness, so finding the perfect balance for them is essential. Like many other animals, cats love routine, and once they learn their feeding schedule, they’ll happily remind you of it.

There are factors to consider when determining how often you should feed your cat. Read on to find out what to keep in mind.

Consider your cat’s age

A cat’s age impacts how often you should be feeding them.

Kittens should be fed more often throughout the day

They require more food per pound of body weight than adult cats because they are in a vital growing stage. If they don’t get enough nutrients and calories, it can inhibit their growth and cause problems later on. You should feed kittens younger than six months of age four or five times a day, while kittens older than six months of age require about three feedings per day for the healthiest growth rate. 

Adult cats can eat less frequently

Once kittens reach one year of age, you can switch their feedings to once or twice a day. You should feed your adult cat at the exact same time each day. If you’re feeding your cat twice per day, offering food once in the morning and once in the evening is recommended to help maintain a healthy digestive system. With a consistent feeding schedule, it’s also easier to notice any discrepancies that could indicate an underlying medical issue. You should always contact your veterinarian with any concerns you may have.

Overall, it’s necessary to consider your cat’s age when determining how often to feed them because different stages of life have unique requirements. Whether you feed your cat once a day or your kitten four times a day, keep the timing consistent for optimal health.

Health issues may impact feeding requirements

There are many health issues that can affect cats’ diets and appetites. In these cases, their diet and feeding frequency need to be specifically designed to meet their needs.

• Diabetes: If your cat is suffering from diabetes, you may need to feed them at the same time you give them their insulin. You’ll need to center your cat’s feeding schedule around their insulin injections.
• Hyperthyroidism: This disease will typically make your cat want to eat constantly. An overactive thyroid gland can cause a cat to feel extra hungry and consume more than they need. You can keep your cat comfortable with frequent, small meals, but it’s important not to overfeed them. Make sure to seek veterinary care if your cat is showing signs of hyperthyroidism.
• Dental issues: As cats age, their teeth and gums become more delicate and tender. One way to combat this issue is with wet cat food. Consistency is key when feeding older cats because their digestive systems are sensitive, and any slight change could cause stomach upset.

Consider your personal schedule

You can’t feed your cat if you’re at work, so it’s ok to tailor your cat’s feeding schedule around your day. If you have a set workday schedule, then it’s easy to feed your cat once in the morning and once at night. If your schedule is a bit more hectic, a late-night or early-morning feeding once a day may better suit your needs. Regardless of your schedule, do your best to feed your cat at the same time every day so they always know what to expect.

Consider an automatic feeder to keep things consistent

Those who work long hours, have overnight shifts or travel often may need to invest in more high-tech solutions for a feeding routine. There are a number of trustworthy automatic feeders that can ensure your cat gets fed at the same time each day, but you’ll be limited to using dry food for these meals. Some cats won’t mind at all!

To use an automatic cat feeder, you’ll fill up the feeder with several portions of food, tell the feeder how much food to dispense per meal, and set the time for each meal. The machine will take care of the rest! Plenty of the ‘smart’ feeders on the market can also connect to an app, so you’ll always be able to tell when supply is running low. As an added bonus, app control allows you to give your furry friend an extra treat, too!

Choose the food that’s best for your cat’s individual needs

Many cat owners give their cats a combination of wet and dry food. A dry food diet is fine, but choose a high-quality option that is balanced and nutritious. Additionally, make sure your cat always has access to fresh water, as dry food is not nearly as hydrating as wet food. Of course, a fresh and filled water source is necessary for felines eating mostly wet food, too.

However, dry food typically lasts longer than wet food. If wet food is left out too long because your cat didn’t finish his meal, you’ll have to throw it away. Your best bet is to experiment with your cat to see what he likes best. Just be sure that your cat isn’t overeating; obesity isn’t just a problem for people. If your cat is overweight — or underweight — consult your vet to determine the best course of action.

Closing thoughts

Although caring for a cat might be challenging, it’s also rewarding. Cats thrive on a consistent diet and feeding schedule because they are creatures of habit. Consider your cat’s age, underlying health issues, and your schedule to create the perfect feeding routine for your cat. You will find yourself loving the consistency as much as they do.

Because baby birds are dependent on their parents not only for food but also for instructions on how to be a bird, it's best for the little one to stay with its parents. So, if you find a baby bird on the ground, try to bring it back to the nest rather than looking after it yourself. If you cannot return the bird to its nest, contact a rehabilitation center that can take care of it.

Sometimes you might have to jump in though, when raising domestic birds for example. Then it’s important to know how and what to feed baby birds — and sometimes, even learn how to make DIY baby bird food.

Consult the experts if you think a baby bird isn’t being fed

If you spot a baby bird that seems to be neglected, wait for an hour or two to see if its parents return to provide food again. Note that the mother bird only needs a few seconds to feed her baby, so inattentive observers could miss several feeding cycles.

If the parents are around, you can be sure that the baby has its needs met, and there is no unnecessary intervention, assuming the baby bird does not appear injured or sick. However, if you can confirm that it's orphaned or the nest has been abandoned, there are a few things you should do.

Step 1: The first step should be to find a licensed rehabilitator to provide, or guide you through, the appropriate care.

Step 2: Very rarely, you may be tasked with helping the baby bird even just until someone can come pick it up. In these circumstances you'll need to offer something similar to its natural diet. While each wild bird eats slightly different types of food, a few staples can serve as an emergency ration if necessary.

What to feed a baby bird

In nature, baby birds eat the same things that their parents eat: Worms, insects, fruit, and seeds. But the little ones have very different nutritional needs than adult birds, which is why the moms and dads chew it up first and spit back a meal high in protein.

Foods suitable for baby birds in your home include:

• Boiled eggs
• Moist dog food
• Wet cat food
• Raw liver (without seasoning)

What not to feed a baby bird

Unfortunately, it’s a common misconception that mixing together bread and milk makes for an ideal feed for baby birds. Unlike mammals, birds do not drink milk and their digestive systems won’t tolerate it. Milk can be toxic to birds, so avoid feeding it entirely.

Foods not suitable for baby birds in your home include:

• Water
• Milk
• Bread and bakery products
• Kitchen scraps

How to make DIY baby bird food

One easy recipe for feeding baby birds involves just two ingredients: pet food and water.

• Soaking dog biscuits or kibble in water will create a mushy consistency that’s easy to take and digest for young birds. This mimics the texture of the food given by mama birds in the wild and is also a high-protein option, which is extra important for nestlings.
• To forgo the mixing and mashing, a canned pet food like the Cesar brand is another great option. You still might want to stir in a tiny bit of water if your bird is particularly young, though.

How to feed a baby bird

Step 1: If you need to feed a wild baby bird, remember to offer foods that have a spongy consistency instead of dripping with water, which can suffocate or drown it. All dry food should be softened first.

Step 2: Food should only be offered at room temperature, never heated or refrigerated.

Step 3: Keep food pieces small and proportional to the size of the bird — tiny birds need tiny bites. Cut or crush food properly to fit the size of the bird.

Step 4: When feeding the bird, be as careful as possible to minimize the risk of additional stress or injury. Never force a bird to eat its food.

How can you tell how old a baby bird is?

You'll want to adjust your feeding habits depending on the baby bird's age, and that can be tricky to determine. First, look at the feathers and try to figure out if you see down or adult plumage or both. Next, listen to its bird calls — older birds make a stronger sound. Lastly, pay attention to their behavior and movement.

As the bird grows, it'll literally stretch its wings and hop around more. Here too it helps to know what species you have brought in so you can adjust your expectations accordingly. To put it more simply, a sparrow will leave the nest at just 3 weeks old while an eagle might stick around for up to 12 weeks with its parents (and while we're at it, eagles and other protected birds have special rules that you need to know before touching one).

Tips for feeding baby birds

There are a few more things you need to know before you can handle a baby bird successfully. Here are five tips to help you along your care journey.

• Research your avian and try to discover which foods its species prefers to guide your feedings.
• Once the bird grows up a bit (or if you find an older animal), you should offer whole food, like a bug or a seed, with tweezers.
• Always wash your hands before and after feeding, so you don't catch anything or contaminate the meal.
• Keep your new baby bird somewhere safe and quiet in between feedings, away from other pets.
• Look to rehome the little one as soon as possible into the hands of a professional.

Finally, remember that feeding a baby bird should be only an emergency measure. If one is abandoned and needs care, it should be taken by a bird-rescue organization or an experienced rehabilitator as soon as possible. They will both feed baby birds with a diet suitable for its type and also teach it to live independently, avoid predators, and master other skills to return to nature successfully.

Wondering how to discipline a dog effectively and safely? We’ll review some best practices to make sure your puppy gets the necessary training they need and that it’s a positive experience for everyone involved.

What's the difference between positive punishment and negative punishment?

There are two types of punishment: positive punishment, in which you do something to decrease the likelihood of a dog’s bad behavior, and negative punishment, in which something the dog wants is taken away to deter bad behavior.

However, a too-tough consequence is unlikely to reduce your dog’s bad behavior. Instead, it can create other problems like fear toward you, mistrust between you, and other behavioral issues.

What punishments should you never use?

Most physical punishments are off limits for two reasons: They could hurt your relationship with your dog and they could even encourage bad behavior. In fact, using any negative physical consequences can make dogs more aggressive — and no one wants that. Most people know not to seriously hurt a dog, but it's actually more than that. We recommend avoiding the following:

• Spanking, hitting, or whacking your dog on the nose
• Rubbing their face in a mess.
• Yelling and screaming at them

What "punishments" can you use for a dog safely?

As mentioned, you should never hit your dog in any way. In addition to being cruel, it doesn't work! But that doesn't mean you can't ever give negative consequences. These should be a small part of a larger training regimen. In particular, consider using the following methods to curb unwanted behavior:

• A stern voice with a negative command like No. Your dog wants your approval and will naturally try to make you happy.
• Turning away, breaking eye contact, or otherwise withholding attention (more on this later).
• Timeouts that separate your dog from the main activity. This should be used mostly when your pup is overstimulated and really just needs a break.

Don’t accidentally praise bad behavior

We know every dog is adorable, but don’t cave in! When your dog does something bad and they seem to get sad when you discipline them, don’t be affectionate or give them a treat. This also ties in with being consistent.

For instance, if one day you’re disciplining them for jumping on a dog at the park but don’t do anything when they jump on your friend who doesn’t mind it, your dog might be getting mixed signals. Be consistent.

Another classic "bad" behavior you might actually be encouraging is leash pulling. You’ve probably heard a million times that you shouldn’t let your dog lead, but here it is once again. Every single time they get excited and pull the leash forward and you keep following them, they’ll think this is the only way to walk. Instead, stop dead in your tracks whenever your dog starts to pull on the leash. Do not move again until they have stopped pulling, giving some slack in the leash. Do this again and again, for as many walks as you need to. In no time, your walks will be much more leisurely.

How to discipline a dog with positive reinforcement

This is by far the most popular and effective method of discipline. Instead of giving your dog a punishment that they don’t quite understand, praise them for every good act they do.

Step 1: If you're potty training your dog, for example, wait until you see the desired behavior. In this case, look out for your pup relieving themselves in their approved potty spot, whether on a pee pad or outdoors.

Step 2: As soon as you see them potty where and when they're supposed to, give them a treat. Try to do this as immediately as possible to help your dog's brain make a connection between the action and the reward.

Step 3: Another easy thing to do is give them extra affection and repeat what command they just did in an exaggerated, praising tone. Experts find that this reward-based method of discipline is very effective for dogs. It also builds and improves the relationship between you and your pup — something you’ll be grateful for in the long run.

Consider redirecting from some bad behaviors

Truthfully, you won't always need positive or negative outcomes. Like calming down a tot in full-on tantrum mode, some dogs just need a little redirection. When you catch them involved in unwanted behavior, remove their attention from said behavior and introduce something positive. For example, your dog might be showing some signs of aggression or be too excitable when you’re at the dog park.

If you sense that they’re about to jump on another dog or person, a clicker may help.

Step 1: When your dog is misbehaving, give them your preferred command to stop.

Step 2: When they do, command them to sit or come to you, and give them a reward.

Step 3: You can use this clicker for different behaviors like reducing barking or biting on non-toy objects, but make sure you use it consistently.

Does ignoring bad dog behavior work?

Sometimes, the best way to get a dog to stop doing an unwanted behavior is to completely ignore them. Dogs crave attention — it's basically what they live for. Just like a toddler, occasionally they decide that even bad attention is worth it and they'll act out just to get you to notice.

A good example of this is when a dog jumps up on you every time you come home. Telling them to get off might feel worth it to your pup that has been without your affection all day. Instead, turning away and waiting for them to settle could do the trick.

How do you get dog training right? Consistency is key

Dog trainers recommend disciplining or rewarding a dog for a behavior no more than five seconds after the incident or action occurred. For instance, if you found your dog biting the couch, don’t wait 10 minutes later to dole out the consequence. Chances are, they’ll forget what they did even a minute later. Do it right then and there.

Here's what that might look like:

Step 1: See your pup doing something naughty.

Step 2: Tell them "no" (or your preferred command) in a stern voice.

Step 3: You may choose to remove your dog from the environment or redirect their behavior. Whatever you choose, follow through immediately.

Step 4: Do this again and again, as consistently as possible. For the first few weeks or months, this might mean keeping a close watch over your dog to ensure they’re not misbehaving when you aren’t looking.

How do you discipline a dog that won't listen?

Feel like you're screaming into a void? It can be frustrating to feel like you've tried anything and everything under the sun and your dog just refuses to listen. These tips might help.

Step 1: Are you sure your dog isn't listening, or do they have a hearing problem? Get your dog's ears checked. A vet can run a hearing exam to ensure your dog can actually hear you.

Step 2: Look for other underlying conditions. Dogs who display certain behaviors, like peeing or chewing, may have a conditon, from stress to food allergies or something more severe. While you're at the vet for a hearing test, have the provider rule out any other potential issues.

Step 3: Work on commands in areas free of distraction. Some breeds and specific dogs are more easily distracted than others, such as canines previously bred to chase prey. Pick a quiet spot to work on commands.

Step 4: Build a connection with your dog. Your dog may be feeling disconnected and out of sorts, making them less inclined to listen to you. Show them you care to build trust through playing, petting, and plenty of cuddles.

Step 5: Determine whether your expecting too much. You can't always train a dog to stop barking or adore other animals. You may need to give your pet some grace.

Step 6: Talk to a trainer. A professional can help pinpoint issues and solutions based on years of experience with other pets.

Training a dog isn’t complete after a one-day session or even reading this how-to guide online. However, we’ve covered some pretty important dog discipline fundamentals to kickstart your dog discipline training. Two key takeaways are to always be consistent with your methods in any circumstance and to practice a healthy balance of positive and negative reinforcement. Now it’s your turn to put these methods to use and discover the joy of being a pet parent.

If you’d like to learn more about your dog, check out our guide to find out what you need to do if your dog has smelly ears.

How long do rabbits live?

Here’s a fun fact: The oldest rabbit that ever lived was 18 years old! By contrast, wild rabbits only live up to about three years, since many die very young. But there’s good news. In the absence of predators, pet rabbits have a life expectancy of eight to 12 years. Like dogs, larger breeds tend to have a shorter lifespan while smaller rabbits often live at least 10 years.

While there are more than 300 domestic rabbit breeds, some petite pet rabbit breeds include the Mini Lop, Mini Rex, Holland lop, English Angora, and Netherland dwarf. Other rabbits with long life expectancies include the American rabbit, Lionhead rabbit, and Harlequin rabbit. Of course, size alone doesn’t determine your pet rabbit’s life expectancy. A larger breed can live longer than a dwarf if you provide nutritious food, space to roam, regular social interactions, and mental stimulation.

Here are the important factors you need to know if you want to extend your pet rabbit’s life.

How can I extend my pet rabbit’s life expectancy?

Diet

Food is a crucial part of your pet’s life. Television might have convinced us that rabbits just need pet store pellets to stay healthy, but this is simply not the truth. Bunnies require hay or grass to chew on, as this constitutes the bulk of their diet. All this hay also helps grind down their teeth, which continuously grow as they get older. Incorporate different vegetables and leaves when possible to make up for missed nutrients. Lastly, make spare use of store-bought pellets. When you do supplement with pellets, opt for high fiber brands.

Exercise

Exercise needs to be part of your pet’s daily routine, so as to maintain a healthy weight for your rabbit. You might not have enough room for a backyard pen or coop, but make sure you let your rabbit free so they can get their hops in. Supervise them indoors to ensure they don’t get into anything troublesome — both for their sake and yours! Keep an eye out for open wires, crown molding, carpeting, and papers. Rabbits love to chew, nibble, and bite, so it’s best to keep important items out of the way.

Play

Mental stimulation is fundamental to a pet rabbit’s long-life expectancy. Whether it be a paper castle, chew toys, or old cardboard boxes, your pet rabbit will enjoy the engagement.

Other types of enrichment include socialization, opportunity for wandering in a new play area, and obstacle courses. You may consider bringing home a companion for your little companion. It’s recommended to have one neutered male and one spayed female of similar ages for the best chances of a successful friendship. This brings us to the next factor.

Spay/neuter

Spayed or neutered rabbits tend to live longer than their counterparts. Unfortunately, rabbits can develop reproductive organ cancer and other diseases. Take them to the vet for these procedures to help increase their lifespan. Additionally, this makes it easier for you to introduce different rabbits to each other for optimal socialization.

Rabbit care

It’s no surprise that stressed pet rabbits lead shorter lives than comfortable coneys. If you have other pets or young children in the home, your rabbit may feel overwhelmed. This is especially true if your pet or young children tend to be rowdy with or around your rabbit. If this is the case, keep your pet rabbit safely tucked away in another room or a higher elevation where they can eat, observe, and nibble in peace.

Medical care

Visit your vet regularly so it’s easier for you and your pet’s doctor to notice when something is amiss. Routine physical exams also help prevent diseases through early diagnosis. This way, when there is a problem with your pet, you and your vet can figure out a way to treat it as soon as possible.

Do rabbits get lonely and can that affect lifespan?

We said this earlier but it bears repeating: rabbits are social. That means they want company, both of their own kind and yours. While it’s essential to engage with your bunny daily, you can’t spend all of your time around your fuzzball. Many small pets do better with a friend, and rabbits are no exception. Remember that stimulating their brain can have almost as much impact as feeding them nutritious food. Anytime you add a pet, you need to ensure that your accommodations are sufficient — rabbits suffer when stuffed into a too small cage. But doubling up on your furry friends will extend their lifespans and keep them happy and entertained.

The bottom line is this: Your pet rabbit’s life expectancy can reach the double digits easily with the right food, housing situation, and living conditions. Rabbits are communal, playful, and curious so regular socialization, toys, and a place to explore are necessary to keep them happy. Keep our tips in mind as you take the next step and prepare for your pet rabbit’s homecoming.

Your kitten is an essential part of your life, even if they’ve only been with you for a short while. You’ll want to take the best care of your new friend to ensure a long and happy life together, and a great way to do this is with a conscientious feeding routine. Coming up with a proper cat feeding schedule that meets your kitten’s needs is an essential first step for new cat owners, so don’t wait to plan this out.

Your kitten will need more fuel for his growing body than an adult cat, so be prepared to feed them more frequently. Here are some suggestions for how to feed your kitten so he stays healthy and maintains the proper weight as he grows. Good luck!

The right kinds of cat food

You can’t just toss down a bowl of adult cat food and expect your kitten to have enough to eat. Your kitten has different needs than an adult cat, so feeding the same food won’t get the job done. Luckily, a little research and planning can go a long way!

Even though very young kittens benefit from soft food as their teeth grow and come in, dry food doesn’t go bad as quickly as wet food (and it’s also cheaper). Wet foods offer more moisture content, but dry food can help kittens gain proper weight more easily due to the carbohydrate content. To get the best of both worlds, some people water down dry kitten food to create an easy-to-eat gruel.

Your schedule can also help determine whether wet or dry food is the best for your kitten as they grow. If you have to leave food out for your kitten during the day, dry food is the way to go. Wet food could be a better choice if you are home to clean the dish right away, or if your kitten is still struggling to chew food.

How often to feed kittens

Kittens will need to get meals three to four times a day once they’re weaned from their mother. The serving sizes will depend on your food’s recommended amounts as well as what your veterinarian says to do. Once your kitten reaches six months, however, most cats require two meals a day. This will be adjusted again when a cat reaches maturity when they should be fed once or twice a day. A feeding schedule is essential to help control your kitten’s weight and to establish good mealtime habits. Kittens will need to know what to expect around mealtimes, so consistency is key here. Remember to split up the daily portion size into three parts to ensure that your kitten doesn’t receive too many calories.

Consider the types of food you’re feeding your kitten, and choose only high-quality foods that have been tested. Cheap foods require more servings to give your kitten everything he needs to grow healthy and strong. One of the downsides is your cat could gain weight too quickly on poor-quality foods, as well as consuming less than ideal ingredients.

How much water should a kitten drink?

While kittens who are still drinking their mother’s milk (or formula) won’t need to drink water as adult cats do, you will need to add a water bowl to your kitten’s favorite area when they’re weaned. They should start to explore a very shallow dish of water around 4 weeks old (before they’re done weaning) just to get used to it, but they’ll usually learn to lap it up as they play and explore. This way, they’ll be comfortable with their water dish by the time they switch to solid food!

Most kittens and cats can self-regulate the amount of water they drink, so it’s important to keep fresh water available for your kitten at all times. If it seems like they aren’t drinking enough, though, you may want to switch up the type of dish or bowl you serve their water in.

Develop a relationship with your vet

Your veterinarian is a valuable resource to ensure that you have the right feeding protocols for your new kitten. Your vet will determine the kitten’s health and offer advice for the type of food as well as portion sizes. If you have questions, give their office a ring! If your kitten seems to be gaining too much weight or not enough, your vet can determine the underlying cause and help you develop a plan. This ensures that your kitten grows up to be healthy.

Frequently asked questions

Let’s take a look at some of the most common questions people have about feeding a kitten.

• How often should you feed a 7-month-old kitten? Check with your vet about your kitten’s health, but a 7-month-old should be transitioning to an adult feeding schedule of one or two times per day.

• Can you overfeed a kitten? Up to about 3 months of age, it’s difficult to overfeed kittens because they’re doing so much growing and have so much energy. You’ll need to be prepared to change your feeding habits often until your cat reaches about 6 months of age.

• Should I leave food out for my kitten? Grazing can make it difficult later to determine if your cat is receiving the right amount of nutrients. It’s best not to leave food out, but you can put a bit of dry food in a bowl if your kitten seems hungry during the night or between meals. Ensure your cat is regularly eating during meal times and avoid food treats just before meals.

• How do I know if my kitten is overeating? While it’s hard to overfeed a small kitten, it is possible. One sign of overeating is diarrhea. A kitten’s digestive system can’t handle the amount of food in its system, leading to diarrhea. Yellow and runny is a mild form, but your vet should see the kitten immediately if it turns gray.
• Why does my kitten always act like it’s starving? Your kitten is doing a lot in those first few months of life. They have tons of energy and are growing quickly. Developing an eating routine helps your kitten learn that meals are coming and provides well-balanced nutrition throughout the day.

Getting on a schedule with your kitten

Whether or not this is your first kitten, teaching your kitten that meals are always coming is a vital part of good eating habits. Your kitten is doing a lot in those first few years, so a regular feeding schedule is going to do a lot of good. Consistency teaches your cat to trust that they will be fed, so you’re less likely to be bothered between meals, too!

Work with your veterinarian to watch your cat’s growth and weight closely in those first few months. Early nutrition develops into a lifetime of health and well-being, so ensure that your cat has what he needs to be healthy and strong from the beginning.

Adapt to your growing kitten’s nutritional needs and be consistent. The most critical piece of this puzzle is a continual dedication to your kitten’s health. With that in place, your kitten should grow up happy.

Unplanned loss of weight in cats can be a symptom of several health complications that your veterinarian should check out immediately. You don’t want to take a “wait and see” approach or assume your cat will suddenly start to put on weight again. Remember, prompt treatment is essential for your cat’s well-being.

How can I tell if my cat is losing weight?

The best way to tell whether your cat is losing weight is simply by paying attention and performing weekly checks. It can be tough to know if weight loss is occurring if your cat has a lot of fur, so you’ll need to feel the sides of your cat’s body to see if their ribs are protruding or if there are any noticeable changes to their body composition. This is easy to pull off because you can simply pet or cuddle them frequently and get a pretty good idea when a noticeable change has occurred.

What should I do about my cat’s unintentional weight loss?

If your feline friend has been eating regular meals and even enjoying snacks but still seems to be getting lighter and lighter, you’ve probably started to wonder what’s going on.

It is essential to your fur baby’s health that they maintain a healthy weight for their age and breed. That’s why if you’ve noticed your cat suddenly losing weight — with or without changes in their appetite —  you need to contact your veterinarian as soon as possible.

What is causing my cat to lose weight?

There are many medical issues that can cause your kitty to lose weight, and you should be aware of the most common causes of sudden weight loss. Let’s explore some possibilities.

Emotional issues

Some emotional causes of weight loss are stress, anxiety, and depression. If you’ve introduced other animals to your home, moved to a new home, or noticed your cat’s behavior change in other unpredictable ways, these mental-health issues might be areas for your veterinarian to address. If your cat is generally less interested in his food, feline anorexia could be the cause. All of these conditions can be successfully treated by a licensed professional.

Hyperthyroidism

If your cat has hyperthyroidism, they will urinate and drink a lot more because the condition sends their metabolism into overdrive. The most common cause is a benign tumor on the thyroid gland. It’s a very serious condition that can lead to heart disease, stroke, and blindness, so be sure to contact your veterinarian immediately if you suspect it.

Gastrointestinal issues

Gastrointestinal (GI) problems can occur in cats that have inflammatory bowel disease, infections, or allergies to foods they have eaten. If your fur baby suffers from nausea, diarrhea, and vomiting, those are all strong indicators that your cat has a GI issue.

Intestinal parasites

Many of the same symptoms — like diarrhea and vomiting — will also be present in cats struggling with intestinal parasites. These unwanted guests could be living inside your cat and causing weight loss. Because different parasites require different treatments, we recommend taking your cat to the vet if you suspect a parasitic infestation.

Organ failure

Organ failure can be a cause of weight loss that frequently occurs in older cats. As cats age, severe health conditions become more likely. Common ailments older cats suffer from include cancer and diabetes and require a proper diagnosis from your veterinarian.

What tests are done for unexplained weight loss?

What if I can’t see my veterinarian right away?

If you’re concerned about your cat but unable to see your vet immediately, try not to worry too much. Instead, keep detailed records with information about what’s happening with your cat, and then give your veterinarian a call. Explain everything, listen, and follow their advice.

Your vet may be able to make recommendations over the phone that could help your cat right away. They might still want you to come in, but at least after speaking on the phone, you can devise a plan that works for everyone.

While many conditions that cause weight loss in cats are serious, please try not to panic. Much less frightening health issues, such as a toothache or other dental problems, can also lead to weight loss. Only your veterinarian is qualified to diagnose what’s going on with your cat.

We can’t stress this enough: If you are concerned about your pet, call your vet as soon as possible. By the end of the call, you will likely feel much better than before you reached out.

The final word on weight loss in cats

When your cat is eating normally and cannot maintain their weight, it could be due to a serious issue. Treat it like one and seek medical attention as soon as possible. Though it might be stressful, talking with your veterinarian is the first step to getting your feline companion back to their healthy, happy, and vibrant self.

When choosing the right pet for you, the first question you might ask is how many years of enjoyment you can expect from them. It is a great question, but the answer can vary depending on the animal. So how long do guinea pigs live? Read on for the answer — and how to help increase your little pig’s lifespan.

How long do guinea pigs live?

It is important to note that a guinea pig is not a hamster. A lot of pet owners do not know the difference and think these animals have similar life expectancies. However, they are actually quite different! There are several breeds of hamsters and this can affect how long they live, but a normal hamster can live for two to three years depending on how they are treated.

Guinea pigs, on the other hand, live much longer and grow to a much larger size. How long do guinea pigs live? The average lifespan for a domestic guinea pig is five to seven years, and there are many factors that can influence this. It is not uncommon for a guinea pig to live for nine or 10 years if exceptionally cared for. This means cavies require a long-term commitment on your part.

Ways to increase a guinea pig’s life expectancy

Fresh food: As with any living creature, providing your guinea pig with fresh food is one of the best ways to increase life expectancy. Make sure that uneaten food, like greens, is removed from the cage within 24 hours so your guinea pig doesn’t eat food that is no longer fresh.

Purchase a comfortable cage: Just like humans, guinea pigs like to be comfortable, too! A good recommendation is to provide at least 7.5 square feet for one guinea pig and 10 square feet of living space for two guinea pigs. The more space you provide them, the happier your guinea pigs will be.

Absorbent guinea pig bedding: Kiln-dried pine shavings, paper bedding, or fleece are a few suitable options to choose from. In addition, it is important to change guinea pigs’ bedding on a schedule so you can prevent odor or ammonia build-up. It is recommended that you change bedding at least once a week, but every three to four days is better.

Provide materials to chew on: In order to stay healthy, pigs need to keep their teeth ground down. Therefore, make sure that you buy your furry friend chew toys or pet-safe wood blocks.

Do not allow females to become pregnant: The pregnancy and birthing process is hard on female guinea pigs. In fact, one in five females that are bred will die as a result of complications during pregnancy or birth.

Locate a good veterinarian: It is important that you be proactive and find a good vet before your guinea pig has a medical issue. Even though guinea pigs do not require any vaccinations, it is recommended that you bring them to a veterinarian at least once a year.

Don’t mix pairs: Getting more than one guinea pig is a great way to increase longevity for guinea pigs. Just like humans, guineas are sociable and enjoy having a community around them. Nevertheless, make sure to keep guinea pigs of the same sex together or pairs that have already been spayed and neutered. As mentioned before, it is not good to have an unplanned guinea pig pregnancy in your household.

Can guinea pigs live alone if one dies?

As you can see, getting a guinea pig is a great option if you are looking for a pet with a life expectancy of five to 10 years. You play a role in your pet having a long, healthy life by giving your guinea pig a great house filled with nutritious food and lots of friends. Care for your guinea pig just like you would a young child and you will do fine as a guinea pig parent!

Good news, aquarium hobbyists: Yes, you can keep seahorses as pets. Seahorses are very entertaining fish to watch. In fact, they are one of only two fish that swim upright. Also, unlike most of the animal kingdom, male seahorses hold the eggs until they hatch. These swimmers are quite interesting creatures, and if you’re interested in having a pet seahorse, read ahead to learn about what that entails.

What is so unique about the seahorse?

As discussed, there are a few things that make these creatures stand out from the crowd. For starters, it seems like they do actually stand up because they swim vertically and lack pelvic fins. It’s in part because of this that they swim so slowly and sometimes — yes we’ll say it — badly.

In the wild, they struggle to evade predators, though your pet will hopefully not need to worry about that. You may also notice that their eyes move independently, and they’re extremely dextrous. Lastly, seahorses mate for life. It must work out well to have the fathers take on so much parenting!

The best habitat for your pet seahorse

First and foremost, remember that seahorses can only live in saltwater, meaning you must maintain a saltwater aquarium to house them.

• Salinity: This water needs to have a salinity, or amount of salt, close to that of the ocean. The salinity of the ocean is usually between 34 to 37 parts per 1,000 units of water. You must check the salinity of a saltwater aquarium daily by measuring it with a hydrometer or refractometer. Water will gradually evaporate from any aquarium, leaving salt behind. That means to adjust the salinity of your aquarium, you will need to add fresh water to dilute the residual salt.
• Temperature: As pets, seahorses are known to be finicky and require particular conditions to thrive in. Among these is the temperature of their water, which must be kept between 70 and 74 degrees Fahrenheit — somewhat colder than most other fish prefer.
• Maintenance: You will have to do a partial water change every week or so, at least for the first few months after it has been set up. To switch out saltwater, you must make your own saltwater or sterilize “wild” seawater with a UV light. Saltwater aquariums also require special filters, daily pH testing, and regular algae scrubbing. Again, seahorses have even stricter water condition requirements than your average fish, including a particular water flow rate.

The best tankmates for your pet seahorse

Seahorses do best in groups and can be frightened by fast or aggressive fish like triggerfish or tangs. If you keep them with other fish, choose docile and slow species such as the goby. Seahorses can also coexist with bottom-dwelling sea creatures, including snails and shrimp. You should not keep corals and seahorses in the same tank, as seahorses may injure themselves on the corals.

These swimmers are prone to becoming stressed in aquariums and should be given a peaceful and spacious environment to live in. Remember that they prefer a colder environment than a lot of other fish, so take that into account before getting any tankmates.

The best diet for your pet seahorse

Seahorses eat quite a lot and must be fed every single day. They will primarily munch on fresh shrimp or shrimp brine, which should be supplemented with frozen mysis. Because seahorses are messy eaters and consume high-protein, high-fat foods and do not digest them completely, you will find a lot of leftover food and seahorse waste in their aquarium. However, seahorses do best in very clean water. An excellent water filter and frequent tank cleanings are paramount for this reason.

Know before you buy pet seahorses

• You should never take a seahorse from the wild. Buy only from reputable breeders who have been known to successfully raise captive seahorses. Seahorses raised in captivity are more expensive than wild seahorses. Captive-bred seahorses are less prone to diseases and stress than their wild counterparts and will take frozen foods in addition to fresh ones.
• Seahorses are not recommended as a fish for beginners. Prior to purchasing seahorses, you should already have their aquarium set up. You also need the necessary tool for maintaining a saltwater aquarium and an adequate supply of seahorse food on hand. Consider joining a local or online aquarist club to learn about keeping seahorses from those who have experience.

Seahorses are pretty and unique, but they do require a big commitment. They also make relatively good pets if you have the experience and supplies necessary to properly take care of them. If you’ve been debating whether or not to get a seahorse for your aquarium, do your research before making a quick decision. And if you do end up getting a seahorse, enjoy your new pet!

Start with observation

Before you start to potty train your hamster, take a look at their care and identify your pet’s potty spot. You should be able to find a corner where your hamster already goes to the bathroom. This is where you’ll notice an accumulation of pee and droppings, and it’s the place where you’ll want to put your hamster’s litter box.

If your hamster has a very large cage, chances are they have more than one toilet area in their mansion. But don’t worry, you just have to place a litter box in each of those spots. Like we mentioned, hamsters are very smart and clean. Your little gnawer will probably find the potties and use them.

Get the right equipment

Once you know your hamster’s favorite spots, all you’ll need is a litter box and litter to start your potty-training adventure. Some commercial litter boxes include a cover to keep the smell inside. Others are corner pans that save space in your hamster’s cage. Both work well, it’s just a matter of personal preference.

You can also make your own hamster litter box from items that you have at home. A sturdy plastic container with a lid can turn into a litter box if you make a 2- to 3-inch hole and sand it down. If you prefer to use glass, a 1/2-pint mason jar can make a chew-proof potty that’s easy to clean and looks great.

What litter to use

If your pet store carries more than one type of hamster litter, you may be wondering which type to use. The most important thing is to make sure your hamster’s litter is dust-free, unscented, and non-clumping.

Pellet litter is a more eco-friendly option that’s good for the environment and for your furry friend. Made of wood, paper, grain, or grass, pelleted litter offers superior odor control and great absorption. While it doesn’t scoop up as easily as traditional litter, many hamster parents find it’s worth the extra work.

Setup and training

Once you have all the potty-training supplies and know where your hamster’s litter box will go, the training portion should be easy:

Step 1: Place the litter box in the designated spot.

Step 2: Pour in enough litter to cover the bottom of the pan.

Step 3: Add a little bit of soiled bedding and a few droppings. The scent will guide your furry friend to their new bathroom.

Step 4: When your hamster wakes up, place him at the litter box. They’ll probably be curious about it and sniff around. They might surprise you and use it right away!

Step 5: If the hamster doesn’t enter the potty on their own, don’t force them in. This will discourage them. Just let them explore at their own pace. They should eventually figure it out on their own.

Do hamsters make your room smell?

While these cuties bring us lots of joy and constitute a low maintenance pet, they can come with a bit of a stink. First, we want to acknowledge that under ideal circumstances, your little pet's cage shouldn't smell. If it does, that generally means the housing is too small or you aren't cleaning regularly enough. However, adding a litter can make a huge difference because it means all the mess stays in one place. While it won't reduce the number of cleans, it should make them go a bit quicker. You can pull out the litter easily and wash it or even put it through the dishwasher, depending on what kind you buy. That will help keep any smells away.

Common problems

If your hamster doesn’t use the litter box within a few days, there may be a few reasons why:

• Does your hamster have a sleeping area? If they’re using their litter box as a bed, it’s probably because they don’t have a separate sleeping nook or hideout.
• Does your hamster have enough food-hiding spots? If your little pal is using the potty to hide their food, it means that their cage is too small.
• Is your hamster eating the litter? Some types of litter can scratch their cheek pouches and include hazardous ingredients like silica. If your little friend is eating the litter, change it right away and make sure their cage is large enough.

Small cages cause anxiety in hamsters and create behaviors such as gnawing plastic or eating litter. To ensure your hamster’s well-being, make sure their cage is big enough for a litter box, wheel, hideout, and food storage.

In most cases, potty training your hamster is effortless. Hamsters love keeping themselves and their cages clean. With a litter box, you don’t have to change your hamster’s bedding as often and their home is as tidy as they like it. Adding a potty to your furry friend’s home is the best way to make them happy and avoid unwanted smells. It’s a win-win situation!