Cats may be one of the most popular pets worldwide, but even they have reputations (mostly with non-cat people). Felines are known for indifference, sass, and even attitude. Cartoons, comics, and movies portray them as impossible to reason with, but if you ask a cat owner, they’ll assure you cat discipline exists. Here’s the catch: you need to know how to discipline your cat — safely and properly — for that training to stick. With these seven simple tips and tricks, though, you’ll be on your way to perfect feline behavior.

Rule out medical concerns as a cause for misbehavior

Surprising as it sounds, the source of a lot of cat misbehavior has roots in medical conditions. Cats may stop using the litter box, demonstrate new aggression, or start hiding in unexpected places — all from changes inside their body. So, before you start wondering how to punish your cat, make an appointment with your veterinarian. You may find a medical cause for the behavior. If not, you’ll get peace of mind and can move on to further tips on cat discipline.

Training cats looks different from training dogs

Dog training is extremely normalized, but it can be a bit tricky to find resources for training a cat away from unwanted behaviors. After all, this requires different methods and techniques! Dogs learn to recognize vocal commands and hand signals. Cats? They’re not the biggest fans of those methods.

That isn’t to say you can’t clicker train cats because you can. However, your cat isn’t likely to care for clicking sounds or changes in your tone of voice. Cat discipline is a little trickier — and it requires a deeper level of patience. Deep breath–you can do this!

Environmental problems are the root of many behavior concerns

People get frustrated with scratched furniture, cats climbing the curtains, and accidents outside of the litter box. They clamor to know how to punish the cat. What is the real secret behind most cat misbehavior, though? It’s problems in the house! That’s why you should ask yourself:

• Does the litter box get cleaned regularly?
• Is the litter — or box — the type your cat prefers?
• Are there enough scratching posts?
• Do you have cat trees to provide elevated climbing places?
• Are you playing with your cat frequently enough?
• Are there any new changes in the home, like a new family member or a recent loss?

Cat discipline goes out the window if the house isn’t set up to cater to feline needs. This is why one swap in your daily routine could change everything about your cat’s behavior.

Keep training sessions short and straightforward

Once you’ve identified the behaviors of your kitty you’d like to improve or eliminate, you may decide to try more intentional training. Eliminating unwanted behaviors is better solved with withdrawal and redirection (more on that below), but encouraging new, positive behaviors can be done through training. Even though the specifics of your feline’s training depend on what you’re hoping to teach your cat, there are a few things to keep in mind no matter what.

Firstly, keep your training sessions short. Cats are more likely to lose interest or become frustrated when practicing the same thing for a long time, so aim for a three to five-minute window of time. You can always add a second (and, later on, a third) session per day, according to the cat trainer and Associate Certified Applied Animal Behaviorist behind Cat School, so be sure to end each session swiftly and on a positive note.

Additionally, keep training sessions straightforward by eliminating any nearby distractions, like food bowls or other animals, and starting with something easy. You should always work your way up to more challenging tasks gradually so as not to frustrate your feline.

A technique called ‘withdraw and redirect’ is more effective than punishment

Even though cat training and dog obedience training are vastly different, there is one thing they have in common: punishment is a no-no! Not only is punishing your pet ineffective at changing their behavior, but it can also break the trust in your relationship. Instead, focus on positive reinforcement with wanted behaviors and changing negative behaviors without punishment. One of the simplest ways to change your cat’s behavior over time is to withdraw or redirect their attention.

When playing with your kitten, do they latch on with their claws or bite? If so, this is because young kittens mock-attack their mothers and siblings. But here’s where it differs: Mom corrects them with a hiss or a nip. You can’t do the same, but you can mimic that cat’s discipline by reacting to the bite with a loud “ow,” stopping engagement, and walking away. Your kitten’s brain will realize something went wrong, and they’ll start to get the message. Remember, this will take time and repetition!

Are you looking for ways to stop cats from scratching furniture? Instead of yelling (something that never works), gently move them to their approved scratcher. Sprinkling catnip over the scratcher will increase their interest. That kitty brain will get the idea pretty quickly. This will be most effective if you’re able to interrupt their scratching in action, even if you have to do it over and over again for them to understand.

Praise and rewards are motivating to most cats

No one likes to punish their cat. Inappropriate punishment can lead to anxiety, fear, avoidance of you, or even worse behaviors. Instead of focusing on cat discipline, aim to reward your cat’s good behaviors. Utilize treats during cat training, as they make an effective motivation. Keep them on hand for when you see your feline family member doing the things you want:

• Playing nicely with their toys
• Using the litter box
• Scratching their cardboard scratcher
• Napping on the cat tree

As your cat realizes those “normal” activities yield praise and treats, they’ll repeat them. (After all, who doesn’t like snacks and cheers?)

If you’d like to learn more about your kitten or need a guide on how often should kittens be fed, we’ve got you covered.

Outsmarting the feline brain

Sometimes, you need to think smarter than your cat. It’s a subtle way to redirect your cat and encourage them away from destructive behavior.

For instance, for that cat who believes the couch is a scratching post? Drape a loose blanket over the arm of the sofa. The fabric will fall each time they try to sharpen their claws, creating a subtle form of cat discipline. Foiling the behavior will make it less desirable, which can drive them to the sturdy, reliable scratching post.

Is your cat a counter-jumper? Place double-sided tape on the counter where your cat’s feet land. The tape’s harmless, but cats hate the sticky sensation on their paws. Your cat learns to avoid the area — especially if you provide a cat-safe place for them to climb as an alternative.

Admit when you need help

There’s no shame in admitting you’re in over your head. If you’ve checked every other box in setting up cat discipline and nothing’s working, it’s time to seek outside assistance. Professional cat trainers do exist. They excel at unraveling the underlying cause of your cat’s behavior, and they can guide you in establishing a proper program of safe training.

Never give up and accept bad behavior. It’s unfair to you and your cat if you’re struggling to find a safe way to redirect your cat, turn to the experts. If you’re struggling to find resources, ask your vet!

No one likes putting up with bad behavior. Luckily, most of the time, those unwanted discipline problems clear up with a little work. Take a quick look through the house and make sure you are not part of the problem. Then, focus on the good things your cat’s doing. Slowly, over time, your cat will fall in line. And don’t forget to ask for the vet’s or other expert’s assistance when it’s needed. You’ve got this!

How long do kittens sleep?

If you were rudely awoken in the middle of the night and find yourself dragging through your day on a caffeine infusion, getting your cat to sleep through the night may sound impossible. A little work on your part, though, and you’ll see both of you waking up refreshed and ready to face the day.

Cats and kittens sleep an average of 18-20 hours. If you set up a proper structure, you’ll find 8 of those hours coinciding with your sleep time. How do you manage your cat’s sleep cycle? How do you get a kitten to sleep through the night? You do so by developing a “kitten sleep schedule.”

Establishing a kitten sleep schedule

You have a routine every day. It keeps you on track, allowing your body to move from activity to relaxation. You can do the same for your cat.

Important steps to keep in mind when setting up that kitten sleep schedule include:

Step 1: Stick to the schedule.

Whether it means setting out food, scooping the litter box, or breaking out the toys, aim for the same times every day. Your cat will learn when to expect each “task” on the schedule — including bedtime.

Step 2: Add playtime before bedtime.

Have you ever done a workout before retiring for the day? Vigorous activity settles the body down. The same theory works in cats and kittens. The more vigorous the play, the more likely your cat is to sleep through the night.

Step 3: Keep dinner late.

Full tummies equate to sleepy kittens. If you push the evening meal closer to bedtime, your cat’s more likely to stretch out and call it a night.

Creating the perfect kitten den

Cats sleep with humans because we’re warm, or they’ve marked us as their territory, or they need security and companionship. And we love it when our cats snooze with us. A breathy little purr lowers our blood pressure and eases us on our way to dreamland. But until your kitten has the sleep routine down, you’re better off setting up a cozy nest all their own. It’ll discourage the temptation to wake you for a play session.

The more comfortable your cat’s retreat, the more likely they are to sleep through the night.

Step 1: Find a bed with high sides to simulate a secure den.

Step 2: If you have your kitten’s “baby blanket” from the shelter or rescue, tuck it inside for a familiar scent. Otherwise, the fuzziest cushion you have will remind them of “mom.”

Step 3: Add a couple of (quiet) toys on the off chance your kitten’s sleep schedule includes a midnight play session.

If there’s a source of entertainment, your cat will be less likely to wake you. (But skip any toys with bells or squeaks — unless you want an early wake-up call.)

Step 4: Add some accessories that every cat might need during the night.

Step 5: Kittens have tiny bladders, so leave the litter box a short jaunt away.

The longer the journey to the potty, the more awake they’re going to become. But you don’t want the box on top of their bed, as the smell will deter them from their sleeping spot. Try to split the difference on litter box placement.

Step 6: A handy scratching post will earn you points toward Pet Parent of the Year.

As soon as they wake up, kittens and cats need to scratch posts and other objects right after stretching. If they have a scratching post (or cardboard scratcher) handy, they won’t feel inclined to wake you.

Getting the stubborn kitten to sleep all night

Working toward that kitten sleep schedule does take time. Meanwhile, you’re losing sleep while your furry darling chews on your toes every night. You may have to face the reality of closing a door while your feline adapts to the new plan. This is where you test your willpower. The temptation to open the door at the first sad meow is often overwhelming.

Gently encourage your kitten to sleep

The worst thing you can do when teaching a cat to sleep through the night is to get up and respond. You have to ignore that sad chorus (sounds impossible, but it gets easier). Sometimes you have to resort to placing a vacuum cleaner outside your door as a cat-deterrent.

If you’d rather encourage your cat to stay asleep through the night, make that kitten-sleeping space as inviting as possible:

Step 1: Play feline-friendly music.

Step 2: Set up a night light (cats can see in low lighting, but a soft glow encourages sleep).

Step 3: Consider finding your kitten a companion.

Should you wake a sleeping kitten?

It can be tempting to try to keep your kitten awake during the daytime to encourage them to catch all of their Z's at night, but resist. This trick almost certainly won't work for a few reasons, and can even backfire. Firstly, remember your kitty might nap 20 hours per day. That means their afternoon snooze almost certainly isn't contributing to nighttime wakefulness. Additionally, cats are official crepuscular, as in most active at dawn and dusk. No matter what her sleep schedule is like, she'll get a burst of energy in the evening and very early morning. You can schedule playtimes or feedings around then to help use up that pep. Lastly, a sleep deprived cat can become an irritable one — just like you, no pet wants to sacrifice rest for no reason. Let her take her cat naps and focus on making sleeping at night more appealing.

Sleepy kitten, quiet kitten

No one wants to lose weeks of sleep entertaining their cat. If you’re willing to institute a routine, you can get a kitten sleeping through the night in no time. Varying the toys you use keeps your cat from growing bored during playtime. And making that bed as appealing as possible encourages your kitten to burrow in and sleep through the night. With patience, you’ll regain your rest.

If you’d like to learn more about your kitten, or need a guide on how often to feed kittens, we’ve got you covered.

Sweet dreams!

Disposing of used cat litter gives you a heads-up to changes in your pet — changes like bloody stools that indicate something’s wrong. But is blood in cat stool always cause for concern? While blood is very alarming, don’t panic, as you might not need to rush your kitty to the vet just yet.

What does blood in my cat’s poop look like?

You might see two kinds of blood in your cat’s stool, and knowing which one you’re dealing with matters. That'll tell you where the problem comes from.

Bright red blood: Fresh blood is easy to recognize. It also localizes a potential issue to the lower gastrointestinal (GI) tract: the colon or rectum. Such blood is called *hematochezia.

Dark, tarry stool: Almost-black goo coating your cat’s stool doesn’t scream “blood,” but it tells you something’s changed. This results from digested blood, and it means you’re dealing with the upper GI tract: the stomach or small intestine. This blood is known as melena.

Why does my cat have bloody stools?

Cats can develop bloody stools for a variety of reasons. Paying attention to the litter box will help you determine whether the problem is mild or severe. So, while your cat may wonder why you’re studying their poop, you’re doing them a big favor.

When you see a few drops of fresh blood, check your cat’s rear end first. The blood may not be coming from their GI tract after all. You may find trauma or abscesses around the rectum instead. These will require veterinary attention.

Sources of hematochezia

If your kitty’s bum checks out, but you’re noting red on your cat’s stool, it’s time to consider potential issues in the lower end of the GI tract. These include:

• Infection
• Inflammation
• Megacolon (a condition many cats are prone to)
• Parasites
• Polyps (which are benign)

Diarrhea often leads to irritation and inflammation of the colon. This can cause blood in your cat’s stools and the scary sight of your cat’s bloody diarrhea. On the flip side, the straining associated with constipation often results in ruptured blood vessels in the GI tract’s lining. Your poor cat then produces tiny, hard stools with blood.

Sources of melena

When those black, tarry stools appear, you may miss the first signs. Fresh blood is much easier to notice (and causes more alarm). However, melena is abnormal and requires your attention. Potential sources include:

• Infection (yup, again)
• Inflammatory bowel disease
• Foreign bodies
• Gastric ulcers
• Stomach or intestinal cancer

Is blood in cat stool an emergency?

It might be, which is why we encourage checking it as you clean the box each day. Specifically, while less surprising, the tarry consistency actually indicates a deeper issue than a few drops of blood. Remember bright red blood can simply mean your cat has a cut or other issue in the general area. Digested blood, on the other hand, could mean a blockage, food intolerance, or inflammatory bowel disease. If you have no idea how it got there, you should reach out to your vet immediately. You might also need to bring in a stool sample for further testing (intestinal parasites can cause bloody poop as well and will show up on a basic screen).

What should I do if I see blood in my cat’s stool?

If you see blood in your cat’s stools for more than a few days, no matter what it looks like, it’s time to make a vet appointment. And if the amount of blood increases, or your cat is acting sick, make that appointment ASAP. Cats naturally hide signs they aren’t feeling well, so there’s a big problem if you see warnings. You don’t want to waste time with home remedies.

How do I take care of my cat at home?

While seeing blood will get your heart racing and prompt panic, you do have some treatment options to try. If your cat is behaving normally, eating without a problem, and not vomiting, you don’t need to rush to the ER just yet. A few drops of blood isn’t cause for panic — just concern.

After all, stress can cause inflammation to crop up and give your cat’s GI tract a wobble. So can an accidental ingestion of a new food (say, a ladybug?). So, following these steps and monitoring the response isn’t unreasonable.

Step 1: Hydrate, hydrate, hydrate.

If your cat has diarrhea or shows signs of constipation, their body is craving water. Providing as much liquid as possible will help. Set out extra water bowls, splurge on a water fountain, or make a switch from dry food to canned food. Most cats don’t get enough fluid in their day-to-day intake anyway, so providing a bit more goes a long way.

Step 2: Provide dietary assistance.

Sometimes, your cat needs a GI reset. The bloody stools you’re seeing represent inflammation in the system. An over-the-counter probiotic can help kick out unwanted bacterial overgrowth, allowing healthy bacteria to settle back in. Most cat probiotics mix into canned foods, and cats usually love the flavor.

Are you seeing signs of constipation? A teaspoon of pumpkin mixed into your cat’s food will provide the fiber their GI tract needs. Sure, cats are carnivores, but they don’t mind that little bit of fruit. Just skip pumpkin pie filling: Those spices will worsen GI upset.

Step 3: Make sure your cat is getting enough rest.

Also, review any recent changes in the household. Did the bloody stools appear in the litter box after a new addition? Has your cat shown other signs of stress? You may need to provide some calming time to help your feline’s system wind down.

Sure, it seems silly to scope out your cat’s litter box, but there’s a lot of information in your cat’s stools. You may find warning signs of a brewing problem. And while bloody cat stools are frightening, they don't always signal a serious issue. Keep an eye on your cat first — before you hit the panic button. But if you do suspect that something is wrong, always reach out to your veterinarian right away.

It turns out they do exist — in a few forms. That’s good news for pet parents, especially people in multi-animal homes. Sometimes, your kitty may just need some extra space or a safe spot to keep food away from a dog that eats anything, including cat food. Here’s what to know about types of cat gates and how to choose one.

Types of pet gates for cats

When choosing to invest in a pet gate for cats, skip the baby-gate aisle. Baby gates have tiny humans in mind — not animals. They lack the sturdy construction and design cats and dogs require. Your best bet is to hit the pet store and source a pet gate.

Pet gates, in general, come in three types:

• Freestanding: You can move these gates around and set them up in different configurations. You don’t have to use screws or anchors to adhere them to the walls. Some come with walk-through gates and some don’t.
• Pressure-mounted: As you might guess, pressure-mounted gates extend between doorways or halls and stay in place with tension. They’re a little more restricted, and you have to step over them.
• Hardware-mounted: This option is best for people who own their property. These are permanent gates that stay where you place them. You can find walk-through gate options, or you can find some without. Choose your placement carefully before you start drilling.

Why you might need a cat gate for your door

At first, the notion of a cat gate might sound strange. Cats go wherever they want. It isn’t uncommon with their inquisitive nature to find your feline friend on top of bookshelves, exploring the space above the fridge, and even searching the cabinets. Do you always want them in those places, though? Not so much.

Cat gates may not always prevent the most athletic cats from their explorations, but they help define strict borders within the house. As your cat encounters the new obstacle, they will pause and consider why the doorway or stairs are blocked. Intelligent kitty minds go to work, and they’ll often wander away. Unless something is exciting on the other side of that cat gate, it’s not worth the energy to jump.

Non-cat uses for cat gates

Of course, if you share a home with cats and dogs, the pet gate takes on a new meaning. Maybe the gate helps your cat instead of hindering them.

Do these situations ring a bell?

• Your dog thinks the cat’s food tastes better
• You have a cat who needs to eat small meals throughout the day
• The dog thinks the litter box contains “treats”
• The cat needs a “dog-free” zone to relax in

Your pet gate can solve those problems. Most cats have no problem jumping over pet gates, but dogs? They don’t have the same ability.

What about jumpers?

Of course, sometimes you want to keep cats from an area. And most pet gates for cats just aren’t designed with cat anatomy in mind. Athletic breeds view that hurdle as a challenge. The dog may stop short, but cats have no problem launching themselves over the cat gate. If you want to keep cat hair off the new couch or shut your feline out of the kitchen during Thanksgiving prep, what can you do?

To start with, there are extra-tall cat gates on the market that attempt to foil that leaping prowess.

Most cats jump gates to figure out what they’re missing on the other side. If you take away the mystery, they lose interest. Here’s what you should do:

• Create a safe pile of objects on the opposite side of the gate. You’ll block your cat’s view.
• Set up hurdles in front of the gate. Your cat might get so interested in that game, they’ll forget the gate entirely.

If distraction doesn’t work, you can always switch to plan B and make the area unsavory to your cat’s senses:

• Place a sheet of sandpaper on the ground in front of the cat gate. Cats don’t like rough textures on their paws. It won’t hurt them, but they’ll start avoiding the area.
• Spray a cat deterrent around the gate. Most deterrents don’t affect your sense of smell, but cats despise them and hightail it.

Best cat gates to get for your pet

If you’re in the market for a cat gate, consider these options.

Richell 3-in-1 Convertible Pet Gate

A sturdy wooden cat gate, such as the Richell 3-in-1 Convertible Pet Gate, holds up against even a running start from the largest dogs. Better yet, you have the option of converting it into a pen, granting your kitty a zone of respite wherever it’s needed in the house. Pet gates define areas that are cat-friendly and easy for them to reach. Meanwhile, your dog learns to stay out of the “cat zone.”

Carlson Extra Tall Walk-Through Pet Gate with Small Pet Door

The Carlson Extra Tall Walk-Through Pet Gate with Small Pet Door measures a full 36 inches tall, so it can deter your cat from trying to jump over the gate. It can be adjusted to fit openings from 29 to 36.5 inches wide, meaning it will work with most doorways in your home. It also includes a 4-inch extension kit, making it a highly versatile option you can use throughout your home. The gate is highly durable — steel construction — and is chew-proof and nontoxic. It can be quickly removed and installed. The gate even features an 8-by-8-inch pet door that can let cats through while keeping larger pets out. The pet door can be locked to keep all your pets contained.

Namsan Magic Pet Gate for Dogs and Cats

The Naman Magic Pet Gate for Dogs and Cats is made of a strong nylon mesh and metal tube frame, so your cat can still feel like part of the action without having to look through metal bars. The mesh is strong enough to withstand cat claws. It measures approximately 39 by 32 inches, so it can discourage your cat from trying to jump it. It also fits most typical doorways and hallways. Pick a place for the cat gate and set it by drilling four holes in the wall. Use the rubber plugs to fix the pipe clips with screws. It easily swings open and closed for the humans of the house, while staying locked for your feline friend.

Safety 1st Eco-Friendly Nature Next Bamboo Gate

The Safety 1st Eco-Friendly Nature Next Bamboo Gate creates a solid yet safe surface to effectively keep your pets on one side. It adjusts easily between 28 and 42 inches wide, making it suitable for a variety of installations, such as in doorways and stairwells. It measures 24 inches high and features a durable bamboo frame. The panels are made of recycled plastic, so you can feel good about this eco-conscious product. Non-marring bumpers help protect your woodwork from damage, and the gate installs on pressure alone — no tools needed, and no assembly required!

You may need to take some deep breaths and work through some tricks, but you can manage cats and dogs with pet gates. The simple barrier helps your feline kiddo learn where it’s safe (or not) to go.

You just need to remember where you place those gates, so you don’t trip over them!

Integrating cats and dogs starts at the beginning

Certain dog breeds intermingle with cats pretty well. Generally, though, mixing cats and dogs into a peaceful household takes some work. The younger the furry kiddos are to begin with, the higher your chances of success. That means 6 months or younger for cats and 1 year or younger for dogs. Cats and dogs that grow up together learn to play and live beside each other. That means fewer chances for fights and misunderstandings.

However, if you have older animals, all is not lost. Animals in rescues and shelters are often “tested” for compatibility. You can find dogs that are “cat-friendly.” On the flip side, many cats get labeled as “dog-tolerant.” Chatting with the volunteers will provide you with the answers you’ll need.

Mixed signals

Some cat and dog fights result from misinterpretation of body language. Surprise! Cats and dogs don’t use the same signals when trying to communicate with each other. So even though your fuzzy companions try to play, a fight breaks out when one of them mistakes a cue.

To wag or not to wag?

Dogs wag their tails when they’re happy or excited. That loose-tail movement is an invitation to play. We recognize the wag, and we’ll grab a toy for a game of fetch. However, to your cat, that body language suggests a warning.

Cats use a loose twitch of the tail to express discontent. So while your dog meant no disrespect, your cat saw a potential sign of attack. And since cats tend to remain the household bosses, they instigated a fight to put your dog in their place. (Oops!)

Ears up or down?

Cats interested in the world keep their ears up and pricked forward. A cat with flat, folded-back ears is angry and displeased with something. But your dog? They may not get that message.

Dogs move their ears in the complete opposite direction. Forward ears indicate aggression; backward ears translate to fear. So even when your pets try to “talk” with each other, the signals get mixed. The confusion can result in indifference at the best of times. At the worst? You may see growls and hisses.

Tummies and toes

Soliciting playtime doesn’t work the same, either. A dog that wants to encourage a game will roll over and show their belly. It’s a submissive tactic promising, “I won’t hurt you.” A cat person will assure you that a cat in the same position is getting ready to latch on with teeth and claws. (Ouch!)

We teach our dogs to lift their paws to shake. It’s part of training, and our canines see no harm. When cat’s lift a paw, dogs think the game’s on. At least, until the cat swats them across the nose. If you’ve noticed your cat swatting your dog (awake or asleep), it might be a challenge.

Picking out the good signals

Luckily, dogs and cats that share a home learn to read those mismatched signals with time and patience. And there are commonalities dogs and cats share:

• Blinking: Slow, frequent blinks work the same in both species. This translates to, “I’m safe and friendly.”
• Sleeping position: If they’re comfortable with each other, dogs and cats sleep close. You may even find them snuggled in the same bed! Animals share space when they’ve had positive interactions together.
• Grooming: We know cats groom each other. If your cat’s willing to lick your dog (or vice versa), this is called allogrooming, and you’re golden. Allogrooming is a genuine sign of affection.

Playing or fighting?

Cats and dogs can engage in play fights safely. There’s a fine line between a game and aggression, though. You should always keep a close eye on your kiddos when they interact in this manner. And watch for the following warning signs:

• Your dog starts barking loudly or chasing your cat
• You notice that abrupt twitching of your cat’s tail
• Someone starts growling low in pitch
• There’s any hissing
• You notice claws or teeth

If you notice one of those signs, the play has escalated to a fight. It’s time to wade in and call a timeout. Separate the pair to give them time to calm down. Don’t give one pet extra attention over another. Remember, you want to keep the peace. Reassure both, but let the tension settle down.

Loving like cats and dogs

The majority of cat and dog households live peacefully. Everyone gets along without too many hiccups. Once you understand the problem of misunderstood body language, you’ll learn to read your pets’ interactions. Then you can serve as a mediator. You’ll smooth out ruffled fur and restore the peace (because a cat and dog snuggled together in a bed is too adorable to resist).

What causes a cat’s bad breath?

Halitosis is the official name for the stench in your cat’s mouth. And while it’s tempting to blame your kitty’s diet, the source of the smell actually comes from the bacteria in their mouth. Don’t reach for an antibiotic as the answer to freshening your cat’s breath, though.

Not all of that bacteria is bad. Some of it’s needed to help break down your cat’s food. The bacteria go to work with the saliva, generating enzymes that start the digestive process. During the process, the compounds that get generated stink. The problem of kitty bad breath then gets worse when too much bacteria hangs around in the mouth.

Feline periodontal disease

As extra bacteria build up in your cat’s mouth, they form a film around the teeth known as plaque. If left untreated (we’ll get to how to solve that problem in a minute), plaque mixes with minerals in the saliva and hardens into tartar. As tartar thickens, the gums around the teeth recede, exposing the tooth root. Now there’s a pocket for food to get stuck in. Or, worse, with nothing to hold onto, the tooth falls out!

This process of damaged teeth and gums is known as periodontal disease. And 85% of cats have some form of periodontal disease by the time they’re 3 years old.

In addition to stinky breath, that extra bacteria can enter the bloodstream, leading to additional complications:

• Cancer
• Medical conditions of the:
  • GI tract
  • Heart
  • Liver
  • Kidneys
  • Pancreas (i.e., diabetes)
• Poor appetite

So while you want to freshen your cat’s breath, you’ll also be taking steps to protect your cat’s overall health. (It’s a win-win!)

The best solutions for your cat’s bad breath

A professional cleaning

While it’s not an at-home step, making an appointment with your veterinarian for a professional dental cleaning tops the list. You’ll make your cat’s breath smell better, find any problems, and start with a clean canvas.

Your feline family member will get a full set of dental radiographs, a thorough oral exam (performed safely under anesthesia), and a polish and prophy. Then, you can take over with at-home care.

Brushing your cat’s teeth

Nothing works better for freshening a cat’s breath than regular teeth-brushing. Due to their small size, cats appreciate the use of finger brushes, which you wear on your index finger. You gently work the brush over their teeth. If you’ve never brushed your cat’s teeth before, you’ll need to take things slow, but cats can learn to tolerate the process.

When choosing your cat toothpaste and toothbrush, look for the Veterinary Oral Health Council (VOHC) seal of approval. VOHC only approves products guaranteed to slow the progress of plaque and tartar. It approves everything from toothpaste to treats.

Try the additive route

Not all cats appreciate toothpaste (and not every owner feels brave). Dental-water additives work as cat-breath fresheners. A few drops mixed into your cat’s water bowl will help with that tuna halitosis. Just keep in mind that water additives aren’t as effective as brushing, so you’ll need more frequent professional cleanings to make up the difference. Also, some cats hate the taste, and they’ll avoid drinking — not something you want.

Sneaking in dental treats

Cats love treats. Luckily for you, there are a host of dental treats on the market that help scrape that stinky plaque from your cat’s teeth. Your kitty gets a yummy snack, and you get to make your cat’s breath smell better.

Changing up your cat’s diet

The more wet food your cat eats, the more plaque will build up on their teeth. Dry food scrapes that plaque away — so long as they chew their food. (Cats don’t always chew their food. Cats with no teeth can still eat dry food without a problem.) If your vet gives you a heads-up about periodontal disease, you may need to rethink your kitty’s diet.

Whether you switch over to a dental diet or choose to use the diet as a treat (that works, too!), the larger kibble size encourages your cat to chew. The more plaque your cat scrapes off, the better chance you’ll make your cat’s breath smell better.

Hill’s Science Diet has a wonderful Dental Diet that cats love. The chicken flavor appeals to the pickiest appetite, and the kibble design attacks that pesky plaque and tartar. And, of course, you have the VOHC backing!

Stinky breath begone!

Finding ways to freshen your cat’s breath requires a little work. If you’re willing to put in the time to brush your cat’s teeth, though, you’ll find yourself rewarded. Your cat will get a shining, healthy smile, and you’ll get fresher kitty breath.

Happy brushing!

Have you ever noticed your cat sneaking trips onto the counter to drink from the tap? Or caught your furry friend sipping from your water glass? If so, cat water fountains might have crossed your mind. These handy automatic water bowls sound trendy. But are cat fountains worth the investment? Let’s find out!

Cats and water

For the most part, cats have a love/hate relationship with water. And, unhappily, that can extend to their drinking habits. Most of our four-legged family members don’t get enough liquid in their daily lives. This can lead to health problems, including urinary obstructions,  a severe feline emergency.

But why do cats turn up their noses at their water bowl? There are a few common reasons:

• Position: Some cat water bowls are too low. Older cats coping with arthritis feel uncomfortable bending down to drink.
• Freshness: The longer water sits out, the more dust, fur, and food particles collect in the bowl. Cats are fastidious creatures, and they prefer fresh water sources (such as that glass you just poured).
• Warmth: Does your cat’s water bowl sit in the sun? Like us, they enjoy cooler water for drinking.

Enter the cat water fountain

Cat water fountains ease those common issues. Plus, you’ll see your cat making more trips to the bowl — and actually drinking. Healthy water intake improves their kidney health, flushes unwanted crystals from the bladder, and keeps their coat soft and shiny. Not to mention the bonus of keeping them off the counter and away from your drinking glass.

Types of fountains

Water fountains all work on the same basic principle. A motorized pump circulates water through a filter (or a series of filters), pushing the water up into a bubbler or fountain stream. The water movement keeps it aerated, clean, and cool — appealing to your cat’s senses in the best ways.

In general, you have three choices when it comes to cat water fountains:

1. BPA-free plastic: The most commonly available type and relatively resistant to breakage. The PetSafe Drinkwell Fountain ranks as one of the most popular options out there.
2. Ceramic: Ceramic’s a little on the fragile side, so not the best option in rambunctious households. PetSafe’s Pagoda Ceramic Fountain for Pets is the ceramic fountain at its best, with two drinking levels.
3. Stainless steel: Steel’s the sturdiest of the three options. PetSafe’s Drinkwell 360 provides a shiny steel surface with multiple fountain settings.

Improved health and well-being always tops cat owner lists, but are cat fountains worth it? Let’s take a look at some pros and cons, and you can decide for yourself.

Reasons to love water fountains

The biggest advantage to a cat water fountain is the sound of falling water. It’s that magical siren call that draws your cat in. The concept goes back to the original desert cats our domestic felines evolved from. Their ancestral brains know falling water means “time to drink.” A simple solution to a complicated health problem.

The bonuses don’t stop there, though:

• Water fountains have reservoirs that hold more than an average water bowl. You don’t have to worry about frequent refills.
• Many of the fountains allow you to adjust the speed of the water. (In case you can’t stand the sound of a waterfall.)
• Coconut-shell carbon filters remove dust, dirt, and other unwanted crud from the water. So you and your cat are reassured there’s always clean water in the bowl.

Reasons to skip water fountains

Nothing’s perfect, and cat water fountains do have some drawbacks. At the top of most people’s lists is the need to plug the fountain into an electrical outlet. You won’t find reliable battery-operated fountains on the market. And while some people have outlets near the floor, it’s not a given. You don’t want to create a trip hazard for yourself, but you also want the fountain to remain convenient for your cats.

You also have a few other annoyances to contend with:

• Cat water fountains cost more than a standard water bowl. In addition to the fountain, you need to purchase and replace those filters. It adds up over time.
• Most modern fountains pop into the top shelf of the dishwasher. But the pump? You have to wash that by hand. And if you have fluffy cats, hair can clog the pump quickly.
• Some fountain motors generate more noise than others. And all of them make a horrible grinding sound when water levels drop.

To fountain or not to fountain?

Cat water fountains have gotten more popular in recent years. The trend may represent convenience, but encouraging your cat to drink more also boosts health benefits. Water fountains provide owners with advantages — provided you’re willing to cope with the negative aspects. As you look over the cat water fountain options, think through both sides of the coin. Ultimately, you’ll make the choice that’s best for you and your cat.

We love our little feline darlings. But hitting the market every day for fresh food gets expensive. One of the easiest ways to save money is to purchase large bags of dry cat food. But how to protect that investment and keep the food from getting stale, moldy, or (worst of all) soggy? Food storage containers solve the problem beautifully. These handy, helpful bins let you maintain weeks’ or even months’ worth of dry food, all fresh as the day you open the bag. We have seven different cat food storage options to choose from, catering to different owners’ needs.

Why use food storage containers?

Keeping open bags of cat food presents several problems for owners:

• Clutter: Depending on how many pets you have in your house, bags pile up.
• Waste: Spoiled food is money out the window. Some bags come with resealable options, but none of them provide airtight seals, and you don’t want your cat to inadvertently eat rotten food.
• Risk: Clever cats quickly learn how to scratch into a bag of dry food. You may come home to find cat food spilled across the floor — not to mention a seriously full kitty.

Food storage containers help prevent all these problems. Regardless of the design you choose, your cat’s food stays tucked away. Each time you open the container, your cat gets a fresh scoop of food. And even the smartest cats struggle to figure out latches on storage, keeping food safely out of reach.

So, let’s dive into seven types of cat food storage containers and see which might fit you and your cat the best.

1. The automatic feeder

Automatic feeders make excellent food storage devices. Depending on the style, they’ll hold an entire bag of food without a problem. You have simple gravity-style feeders, which keep the bowl full at all times (not the best option for cats prone to overeating). Or you can splurge and get a programmable automatic feeder. With such options as recordable messages, cameras for checking on your pets, and multiple feeding settings, the sky’s the limit for handy features! Automatic feeders don’t always form the most airtight seals, though. And some are trickier to clean than others. Look your choice over carefully before you buy.

2. The hefty food storage container

If you have more than one cat, odds are that you buy cat food in bulk. And while a cabinet full of neatly stacked plastic containers might not look bad, you probably don’t want to sacrifice half your kitchen to cat food storage. The Bergan Smart Storage eases your concerns. Because it holds up to 50 pounds of dry cat food, you can afford to bring home the jumbo bag. The easy-access flap accommodates a scoop without a problem, letting you dish out food to everyone at one time — without taking up the entire kitchen with cat food.

Buy at Amazon

3. The measured food storage container

No one likes admitting their cat needs to lose a few ounces. And pouring out a diet-size portion of dry food through a tub or open bag gets difficult. Having a built-in measuring cup takes the guesswork out of diet regulation. Pission’s Pet Food Storage Container secures a measuring cup into the lid. The pour spout makes feeding time even easier, risking fewer chances of kibble spilling onto the table or floor. You even get a grooved handle for a sure hold. For people concerned with precise food portioning, this food storage container earns top marks.

Buy at Amazon

4. The metal food storage container

Plastic may rule supreme when it comes to cat food storage containers, but not everyone likes that look in their kitchen. If you prefer a shinier aesthetic, you can find metal storage containers. They aren’t as airtight, but they have smoother interiors, which makes them easier to clean. Just make sure you opt for stainless steel or lead-free carbon steel when you’re shopping. Other base-metal options will start to rust over time, and your pets could end up with harmful chemicals leaching into their food.

5. The plastic food storage container

BPA-free plastic bins with a latched lid represent the most common cat food storage container. These plastic containers have the best airtight seals, keeping your cat’s food fresh every time you pop it open. The IRIS USA Airtight Food Storage Container works for the owner who wants to minimize kitchen clutter. The low profile fits neatly into a cabinet or on the shelf. The smooth sides prevent kibble from getting trapped into corners, allowing easy cleaning (always an important detail).

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6. The split-level food storage container

Plenty of people own dogs and cats. But dog food and cat food bags come in different sizes. If you want to take care of the entire family at one time, consider a food storage container along the lines of the IRIS USA 3-Piece Airtight Pet Food Storage Container. Two separate compartments allow you to store your dog’s and cat’s foods in one handy place. The wheels help prevent you from throwing out your back moving the storage container around. And you get a bonus scoop. It’s the best way to balance a mixed household.

Buy at Amazon

7. The stackable food storage container

Say you have a variety of animals in your house — or even cats with multiple dietary needs. You don’t want to take up a lot of space, but you also don’t want to hit the pet store every other day. Gamma2 Vittles provides multiple sizes of stackable food storage containers. The twist-close lids prevent your cats from sneaking snacks between meals while keeping the food superfresh. And you won’t have to give up much room in your kitchen!

Buy at Amazon

Storage to the rescue!

Cat food storage containers ease the burden of food spoilage, high food costs, and loss of space in your kitchen. Your cat gets a fresh meal each time, and you can still move around without tripping. No matter what your situation, you can find a storage solution that works wonders for you and your kitty.

Most dogs love jumping in the car — even if it’s just a trip around the block. Cats, on the other hand, aren’t usually the biggest fans of car rides. They prefer staying home where everything looks and smells familiar. That doesn’t mean you have to line up a cat-sitter for your next vacation, though. With these handy cat car accessories, your feline family member will enjoy the trip every bit as much as your dog.

Preparing for the journey

Before you hit the road, make sure you have everything you need. You don’t want a frantic scramble at the last minute. Worse, you don’t want to have to track down emergency supplies on the road.

Taking a car ride with your cat means checking that you have the following on hand:

• A collar or harness with a current ID tag
• Recent photos of your adorable kitty (on your phone is fine)
• In a perfect world, a registered microchip

Use your cell phone number on the identification. After all, you won’t be home. You’ll increase the chances of reuniting with your cat if you get separated.

Cats with medical issues

If your feline has a medical condition, eats a prescription diet, or takes any medication, make sure you have everything you need. That includes a copy of your kitty’s medical records. Trying to coordinate with pharmacies or unfamiliar veterinary hospitals on the road doesn’t always work. Order any refills before your trip. And set up a pet first-aid kit.

Relaxation is key

Cats don’t always appreciate travel. You can ease the journey with a couple of key cat car accessories. Your cat will stay comfortable, taking the stress off your shoulders while you navigate traffic or negotiate directions.

Home away from home

You want your cat to feel comfortable in the car. At the same time, they need to stay safe. It’s a careful balance.

A sturdy yet secure cat carrier ensures your cat stays safe on the journey. Soft-sided cat carriers, such as the Sherpa Deluxe, make excellent choices. They provide plenty of room to stretch out while securing to a seat belt for extra protection. If you have more than one cat, they each need a carrier of their own. While cats may get along okay at home, a long car ride confined together can lead to squabbles.

Buy at Amazon

If your cat’s not a fan of their carrier, a calming spray should go on your cat car accessory checklist. Nature’s Miracle uses a blend of herbs that create a sense of safety for your nervous little traveler. You can use the spray inside of the carrier, on the car seat, or on the blankets you line the carrier with. Your cat will settle down and relax.

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Everyone needs a chance for a bathroom break on a road trip. Your cat’s no exception. You don’t want to drag their monstrous litterbox with you, though. Good thing Wonder Box makes a set of disposable litterboxes you can toss in the back of the car. The boxes are portable, won’t leak, and feature recyclable materials. All you need to do is remember the litter scoop and plastic bags (no one wants to sniff the perfume of “kitty business” the entire car ride).

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Kitty car games

Depending on how far you’re traveling, you want to give your cat something to keep them entertained throughout the journey. Cats don’t care for “20 Questions” or the “License Plate Game.” You don’t want them roaming the car, either; it’s not safe for them or you. So how to keep your little feline from getting bored?

Good thing there are cat car accessories like the PetSafe Egg Cersizer! You can tuck a few treats and some of your cat’s kibble inside and put it in their carrier (no more than 10-15 pieces). They won’t end up with a full tummy (no one wants their cat to get car sick), but they’ll get mental stimulation batting the toy around. And since the toy’s in the carrier, you won’t have to worry about chasing treats all over the car!

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If your cat’s comfortable on a leash, you can break up the view by taking brief walks with the GAUTERF Walking Jacket. Your kitty gets a chance to stretch their legs and safely examine some new surroundings. (And you can use this cat car accessory around the neighborhood when you arrive at your destination!)

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Additional road trip safety tips

With your cat car accessories on hand, make sure to keep a few other safety tips in mind:

• Know the locations of veterinary hospitals along your route and at your destination (just in case).
• Keep your bathroom breaks super short.
• If you need to leave the car, have a spare set of keys so you can leave the air conditioning running.
• Time for a food break? Where you can, consider pulling over and eating in your car, so you don’t leave your cat unattended.
• Provide fresh, clean water at all times.

With time to adjust to their carrier and driving around in the car, cats can become acclimated to road trips. A few handy cat car accessories go a long way to making those adjustments easier to handle. Just take it slow and offer plenty of encouragement.

Bon voyage!

Halloween tricks NOT treats

You know you need to check through your children’s candy bags. But what about securing Halloween treats out of the reach of cats and dogs? While safe for kids’ tummies (in moderation), the following familiar Halloween treats pose hazards to your pets:

• Chocolate (the darker, the worse it gets)
• Sugar-free treats (they contain Xylitol)
• Candy wrappers

Keep all of the candy out of the reach of curious noses and paws. Make sure you have a quick chat with your kiddos about the importance of NOT sharing their Halloween haul with their four-legged friends, too.

If you suspect a pet’s ingested some Halloween candy, get in touch with the ASPCA Pet Poison Control Center (1-888-426-4435). Providing the type of treat, amount, and the weight of your pet will allow them to determine whether you need to seek further veterinary care.

Haunted houses

Half the fun of Halloween is setting up all of your favorite decorations. Some of that decor can present concerns for your pets, though. Even items rated as non-toxic have the potential to lead to a miserable evening for your cat or dog. In the interest of keeping everyone happy and safe, run a critical eye over your decorations before you set them out.

• Candles: Flickering flames are too much for some cats to resist. If they’re crucial to your theme, try to find battery-operated alternatives.

• Corncobs: Dried corncobs scream “fall.” When ingested, though, they scream “foreign body.” Keep them out of reach.

• Fake spiders: Your cat is your champion at pest control. They don’t know those spiders are fake, and they end up entangled in the artificial web.

• Glowsticks: The liquid inside of a glowstick isn’t toxic, but it tastes terrible! You don’t want your poor cat or dog drooling in the corner.

• Pumpkin: Pumpkin doesn’t bother cats or dogs. You might even add it to their food now and then. But a carved pumpkin that’s been sitting on the porch for a while? It’s starting to mold You don’t want anyone chewing on that.

Be smart about your decoration choices and placement. Keep items out of the reach of your pets. Or, better yet, swap out your usual decor for pet-friendly options. There are several reasons why cats love cardboard boxes so much, which is why it’d be a good idea to create a haunted house out of it for your cat to enjoy. Use paper to make your spiderwebs. They may not look the same, but it’ll ensure your pet’s safety.

Ghouls and goblins

Your pets know all of the neighborhood kids. Your dog visits with everyone on their regular walks. Your cat sees the children walking to and from school each day. Except on Halloween. Halloween night, the kids look and smell different. They’re wearing costumes and makeup. That’s frightening for your pets.

Set up a separate room for your pets where they’ll feel safe. You don’t want your feline and canine companions to get stressed. Also consider the dog crate’s location at home, and make sure it is positioned in a stress-free, comforting environment. Your dog may feel safest in it, or a pen they know belongs to them. It’s a relaxing retreat.

You may want to use Feliway for your cats. The natural pheromones promote relaxation.

If your dog gets nervous with people coming to the door, Premium Care Calming Treats for Dogs can help ease that anxiety.

Rather than heightening your pets’ panic with knocking and ringing doorbells, consider sitting outside to hand out your Halloween treats. Give your pets their favorite toys, lower the lights in their room, and set up soothing music inside. You’ll ease the stress over those scary monsters approaching the door.

“Identification, please”

It’s tempting to take your dog trick-or-treating. However, Halloween safety tip for pets #4 is to keep your pets (all of your pets) safe and sound inside. Halloween’s a rough time for pets. There’s a lot of activity going on with children running around and yelling. It’s too much stimulation for most pets, and that safe nest inside is the best location. You don’t want your dog to accidentally pull loose on their leash and dive into the melee.

Make sure your pets have their current identification on their collar or harness. If they have microchips, double check that you’ve updated your information. Halloween is one of those nights when animals panic and bolt through the door. That current ID helps reassure they return home to you, safe and sound.

Happy, safe Halloween!

Halloween safety tips for pets help ensure EVERYONE has a wonderful holiday. Whether your dog and cat join in with costumes or watch a movie in the back room, you want everyone as comfortable as possible. So run a quick eye over your preparations to check for anything you might have overlooked.

Stay safe out there!

Meanwhile, if you are considering getting dog shoes for winter, read on further to learn everything you need to know about it – and whether it is necessary in the first place.